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"'cause" you just get started right
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okay so one singular much for the
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introduction to think you on what the
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you're sort of the the meeting
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organiser all you cannot hear noise
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okay okay okay good. Um voice you
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saying okay okay so I think in the
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meeting all basically the opportunity
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on the present well we've done in PGI a
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I start to feel bad that I sort of
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change to my talk from yesterday to
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today it seems like become more and
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more challenging to to give talks I
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don't really have anything new to say a
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after so many a fantastic talks
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enquiries but I'm fine I so on a you
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see these people of of course well what
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I'm trying to present is actually to
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use a systematic not skill mix way try
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to see if we can sort of softball apply
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this kind of you encouraging issues
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that we've been discussing over
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previously and this morning there on
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polish has become really information by
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people really sort of choice like blind
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men try to are touched then if I guess
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what the and if I'm not back are smart
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people will have some cats may see mine
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may not oh I'm actually a morse I don't
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actually have a mine are well written.
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So long as the problem. Um I remember
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like almost ten years ago. I keep a
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call to you know when nature sort of
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interview me I said I don't really have
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a pretty high wanna have muscle on but
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actually few years ago in nature select
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BSD the ten sinus matters that year. I
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said I if you really don't have a brain
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you don't know how to move the muscle
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but yes it's actually trying to
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demonstrate the problems of the current
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particles starting is trying to get
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something interesting on you a high
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process is something based on
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incomplete data set any we actually far
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from doing. So are you know to to
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really to look like sort of you can
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what the and it look like you basically
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need the whole picture. So you
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basically stealing of very early face
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collecting data. So you become that
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very sort of important for PGI a which
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is trying to do is can we started and
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forget about hypotheses forget about
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all the models conclusions knowledge
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whatever on you control from those data
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just collecting the data I mean just
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collect whatever data I mean forget
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about draw a conclusion from hundreds
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of examples whatever how about the
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meeting samples so how about getting a
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multi a mix data well one meeting
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individuals from all kinds of layers
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contracting collecting. And worry about
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all these hypotheses as you is made are
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so this is basically a lot ideas there.
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So we started to economics data back to
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I mean the melody angst data back to
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almost ten years ago. Um together with
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just goes in every project we made a
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great contribution there for these room
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and whatever cover a story at that time
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would be first time assembled are the
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three meeting human opportunities
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instant know objectively genes from
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shop rates which is only thirty five
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whatever fifty basically there but you
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don't really believe that we can do
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that job where we actually simple that
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oh you have to be really prove for
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success and people really use that as a
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reference jean catalogue for many of
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those studies they are we know it's not
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enough you we probably give you the
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most upon that one in the european
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populations there is you far from
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complete so we keep connecting are
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Charlie samples American sample since
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you know a sample more and doing more
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analysis other publish this paper this
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year together with again dominican
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social. So we got a meeting jeans but I
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don't think it's really enough real. So
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of course no presentation is today it's
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talking about thirty meeting jeans. I
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don't know how many genes that there
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but from this ten meeting jeans we've
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constructed we've done the kind of
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assessment there. Um is already cover
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something like ninety five percent for
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most of those sort of common jeans you
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can see from individuals. And if you
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look at from this remaining two ten
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meeting genes are most of those genes
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we discovered are kind of know what
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currency in jeans which really
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contributed most to expensive science.
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So once again it's they're those other
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re jeans and the the rear categories
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you're a human got categories if you
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look at all these functional difference
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between those commenting reached on
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individual specifically reached jeans
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there. Um as you can probably guess
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consult the you're commenting supply
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functions essentially forcing by right
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off but then this would be just
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specific genes that we at all you know
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recently on the reflected that station
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to be a hosting immune systems admiring
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factions in the body treatment you know
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all these challenges that you actually
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interact with the environment. And
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tarzan whatever. So this is really not
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really special case but then we started
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to put all these data into a database
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right so this is what you can download
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the data you the data. And whatever so
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one is constantly updating so is still
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every so twenty four hours we had more
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genes and functions whatever species on
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their samples well but this is the the
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first thing in the G level stuff right
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all based on that people have been done
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a lot of association study like the
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chinese that that we do study with with
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like you years ago european type two
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diabetes study we you know the
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obviously study and many more of those
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isuzu studies. And that I need you know
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a developed do not acknowledged just
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started from the show reason to
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assemble that you know the species that
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stuff because I mean it's not a three
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meeting meeting in columns crises this
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silence species that people want to
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study on I'm people also move onto this
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is all americans comics Amanda proton
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except. There's also lots of this kind
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of sort of projects ongoing there. I'll
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but we know then imitation of the
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technology right you all sequencing all
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assemble just from a strong reason to
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it you know level or whatever MLGOMG
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whatever you're talking about this
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group of genes that have the S same
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opponents. Um well actually have an
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imitation of the they're they're not
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actually speech said we cannot see any
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difference cross this and all this
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variations that the may have a very
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important functional impact if people
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in the fermentation bitterness they
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know a for you call I'll for any of
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those species just like one base pair
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mutation work have different functional
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impact. So what be very important to
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develop the college that you can
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sequences species travel and actually
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basically get DNA from sort of along
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not so long a fragment of DNA in
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sequence yet at a sample point. So this
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is what we've done so we've quite a
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company call completing a mix of
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practise two years ago. And was
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starting to develop the technological
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therefore to up to a level where you
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can sequence well every matter sample
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Eurospeech species that so the idea is
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basically you get a hundred to three
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hundred KBDNA match extra bar coded
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icicles that bar coded in a so you
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actually get a three hundred K be non
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fragments of sequestered in a venue
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assemble from there people in this
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world with sort of sick was you would
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know if you got through and make a B
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assembled uni from bacteria you would
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be able to assemble to to achieve that
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what was species that so by that you
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probably could recover basically a
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matter to you know really are not
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imaging level but the matter species in
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the a sequences. And this whole type I
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don't really have the data to show yet.
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Um because we actually got a
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preliminary results just a few weeks
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ago. And hopefully next year we will
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start to advance the real results are
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in our instruments you meetings are
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that week as started to sequence the
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species level from them at a a samples.
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So this is just a retail you that what
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PGI is this I mean for collecting data.
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And developing technologies to generate
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more accurately cheaper outdated. Um
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how about the other species I'm gonna
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talk about human right but we're not
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just to human mom matter samples we've
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done a lot of other animals like pagan
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mouse the which people we use a lot oh
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I'm a dog reasons which is quite an
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important of course would be important
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to ask I mean do they actually you may
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share the same inner sort of a couple
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tubers which you probably needing to
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different conclusions we used MS animal
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models. So without the mouse the using
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the same way of doing shotgun
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sequencing sample and so a first of all
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this is the comparison between mostly
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human so you can see the mouse
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catalogue your greater difference to
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the human kind of energy level then the
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functional now in not away. So that
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share a similar function but not the
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same genes which in some way it's good
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if you study the function there on the
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remote I I don't I that's as you can
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see there you are but realised what
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make use ratios use difference there.
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But the actually come going away so
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they're not really that much so the
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difference. And if you add in pay there
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what you want be more complicated first
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of all the here jean between those
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three species of quite small. So they
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can you know gene that they don't cheer
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but in the functional that was you know
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a lot it tells you again if you want to
00:10:28
use that as use the mouse model opaque
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motto as active function allowances you
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may be fine but not look you mean to be
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G levels yet. And if you do this P box
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possibly analysis with all these
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different colours here. Um you see lots
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and yellow here. But the yellow
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represent pay a some specific. So that
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tells you actually the we got specific
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past we whatever cables copper more
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functional module so humane Miles
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probably imply the pickup environment a
00:11:02
kind of different in human. And mouse
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maybe more function to to supplement
00:11:08
tend to physiology anyway so this is
00:11:10
the comparison between human pecan
00:11:12
models. But that's them bodily some
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state right are we even sequence more
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than just the model exams for example
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kinetics I mean it looks nice wee
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sequence that we've got operation. BMC
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yet you know things honest started
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sequence side you know with norwegian
00:11:29
group which you actually siamese a big
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farming business. So can we sort of
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understand why you know the Simon B is
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so different even you feed them the
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same thing I still all this kind of
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project a out of curiosity we are even
00:11:46
sequencing the the fickle sample from
00:11:49
wherever which basically you can
00:11:52
probably walks through the use and talk
00:11:54
somewhere else and get the sample be a
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lot and you can get chance of because
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samples there. Um but that's a quite
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interesting expect edition so we have
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some I can't Norwegians and this and
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we've sort of hunting both well so it's
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it's quite experienced. Um but again
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this is just for fun I mean that seems
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really a serious or whatever I can not
00:12:17
say this is not zero size is it is a
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serious eyes but this is just part of
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our program to collecting all these
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fickle samples and and sequence that
00:12:26
interacting and to enrich our gene Cox
00:12:29
anyway so we have three more species
00:12:32
any of those speech I mean panned out
00:12:34
for example idea this the pictures you
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so it's sequence to got to use a pen a
00:12:39
polar bear and just right I mean any
00:12:42
species you can think of we can send a
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sample we will do a but this is just
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the one thing right to construct a
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reference in a sort of catalogue
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somebody has to do it and we are happy
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to be that kind of digital museums to
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store all those data and sequence. Well
00:13:01
then of course the second parse would
00:13:03
be can we start it attracted managing
00:13:06
angst all mixed data from different
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time points right so this is what we've
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done together with Frederick at for
00:13:12
swedish a whole again four hundred us
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one hundred samples but then for time
00:13:18
three point at some three time points
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with the other sample. RS project
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already shows you some of the data five
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just try to sort of show you some of
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those jeans and you whatever matter how
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to use we've got right so hard they
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assemble whatever and you know the
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matter species whatever is kind of
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normal so it's not a sure enough people
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but they also sure very very low
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abundance like so they actually
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sometimes goes away after one but
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anyway so again that tells you it's
00:13:50
those things up quite specifically
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quite kind of personalised those are
00:13:57
the signatures of the got echo system
00:14:00
in different states from you bound to
00:14:02
be a mother as you can see the the
00:14:04
shifting here yeah is because of the
00:14:07
diets in the physiology I don't really
00:14:11
go into the details of this carrots but
00:14:13
I'm happy to show you you are
00:14:15
interested. Um so the but then noticing
00:14:19
will be interesting to collecting from
00:14:22
different the geographic location one
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thing with down for example is a
00:14:26
comparison between chinese and things
00:14:29
which you we've got a lot of managing
00:14:32
onyx data first of all you can see that
00:14:35
different right so the the president
00:14:38
human got but what we could use really
00:14:39
unique at least on yeah you buy. PC
00:14:42
analyses you can realistically always
00:14:44
each other there. And that's even there
00:14:47
is also similar to you upon is you
00:14:49
preeminent or as you can see here is
00:14:52
really compatible. But if you really
00:14:54
look carefully they have lots of
00:14:55
different for example that then string
00:14:58
colossal wine which yeah figured out
00:15:00
from their got materials. And drink
00:15:03
lots of milk to I mean we I don't
00:15:06
really I'll have lots of new but we
00:15:09
have actually very very so it'll be the
00:15:11
big expense relative expense you know
00:15:13
prior you up but tier. And more
00:15:16
importantly we are consuming more
00:15:18
anybody got whatever treatment. So you
00:15:22
see from our couple tours which we
00:15:25
chinese individuals have more
00:15:28
antibiotic resistant genes are we
00:15:31
probably we used and but anyway this is
00:15:33
not really good a few again is all
00:15:36
meetings so that they would be taxed
00:15:38
difference there. Um as you can see the
00:15:41
the energy and the time reasons a
00:15:43
couple had remote I'm reasons you know
00:15:45
it's quite different there remembering
00:15:47
transporters you know the anabolic by
00:15:49
decorations is quite different the two
00:15:52
the show you more specifics. Um chinese
00:15:55
like to eat all these sorted for small
00:15:58
whatever stuff there which may contain
00:16:00
some of those solid years which is not
00:16:03
really good sorry here so then you
00:16:07
already see actually which from chinese
00:16:09
calls the which probably also expensive
00:16:14
for ten so Europeans Devine china maybe
00:16:16
it's not very good for them if they
00:16:19
don't really have a box to add your
00:16:21
with by the way so you know so because
00:16:24
of the price difference so we need
00:16:26
actually a lot of MS it's sort of
00:16:28
synthesising and be the missus facing
00:16:30
materials say because from the times we
00:16:32
don't really you have enough. And if
00:16:37
you look at the pin type that there is
00:16:39
actually have produce sort of more
00:16:41
casting away so they find more which I
00:16:46
hardly noticed but I actually are
00:16:48
noticed afterwards after I think it's a
00:16:52
but the chinese tires which yeah with
00:16:54
relatively sufficient protein assembly
00:16:56
that means a license may actually have
00:16:58
more but your is this sort of thing the
00:17:00
size been I mean B complex essentially
00:17:03
masses and so on as you all could see
00:17:06
it from this summarised the rockets my
00:17:09
it's just a kind of a to show that
00:17:12
there is a big difference because of
00:17:14
that your graphic locations of people
00:17:16
of colour saying probably genetics all
00:17:19
is probably that's why or environment
00:17:21
whatever. So I actually initiate
00:17:23
another project to see for the chinese
00:17:26
beseech chinese we should genetic is
00:17:28
chinese the probably boring you know
00:17:32
them more you're your or united states
00:17:34
try to see what stick sort of
00:17:37
difference of what tears and is you
00:17:38
don't have to Medicare sort of
00:17:40
difference over there to see the
00:17:43
difference there but we don't have the
00:17:44
yeah but again this is a way of sort of
00:17:48
connecting different geographical
00:17:50
locations ages sequence MO but more
00:17:53
importantly you want to collecting all
00:17:55
this angst data from different disease.
00:17:58
So you can see from all it's nice to
00:18:02
almost every disease are sort of
00:18:04
metabolic right and Dave anything
00:18:06
metabolic has that not wanna get "'em"
00:18:08
is you need to sequence the camp accuse
00:18:11
also we started from the type that
00:18:13
media switch your published a few years
00:18:15
ago I think that's one of the first to
00:18:18
study is using the kind of do you lost
00:18:20
type of analysis but on the puppeteer
00:18:23
start not like the human study which we
00:18:26
need tens of some samples to get a
00:18:28
minimal sort of P value or whatever
00:18:32
significant signals there by just doing
00:18:35
them editing a mix analysis you only
00:18:36
need to do hundreds of samples that
00:18:38
just shows you the diapers either all
00:18:41
be signal the statistical power there
00:18:42
is quite strong only need hundreds
00:18:44
examples already give you some results
00:18:46
for example we gives you very very good
00:18:50
real rock or whatever to tell you the
00:18:53
you can find out the perfect by
00:18:55
marketers just by sequence the the
00:18:58
disease and control samples we did a
00:19:02
wide use all this fifty up by markers
00:19:04
as just show you two can clearly
00:19:06
separate have leds and controls there
00:19:09
there we go either monitoring I mean
00:19:11
this is the some of those patients the
00:19:13
gastric bypass treatment you can if you
00:19:16
just look at least fifty apart markers
00:19:18
there you can see the create she from a
00:19:21
kind of bad materials to a community to
00:19:24
have that are back to committee. So
00:19:28
that's just show you the those kind of
00:19:30
markers again could be potentially
00:19:32
interesting to be used to be mechanical
00:19:34
level for the that classes to to see a
00:19:37
how good treatment is still useful
00:19:40
really for the talk from just go
00:19:43
talking about all these obesity in
00:19:45
America a consortiums there I'm not
00:19:47
going to talk more there but we've done
00:19:51
another study on the kind of us got
00:19:52
disorders that this is the current
00:19:54
understanding of a kind of possible is
00:19:57
whatever physiology about you know kind
00:20:00
of ask the disorders but there is
00:20:02
people knows it's important on this
00:20:04
later but not much information. So we
00:20:07
were trying to think out can we feeding
00:20:09
the cats there can we sort of try to do
00:20:12
something thereby just multi a mix
00:20:14
analysis. So we started general also
00:20:17
data not just got the copious but also
00:20:20
the host them at that point a mix. So
00:20:22
we tested this zero butterflies there
00:20:25
we tested the euro metabolised. And by
00:20:27
sequence also a lot of cup of tears and
00:20:29
start to make links right situation. So
00:20:32
this is the correlation between the got
00:20:34
cold using the host a metabolised so
00:20:36
you started to make you know
00:20:38
associations between different
00:20:40
metabolised in different box has
00:20:42
started to have this kind of tables
00:20:44
they tried to see you know this
00:20:45
specific metabolites probably have a
00:20:48
strong began situation with respect
00:20:50
here is some of those but yours I don't
00:20:52
even have a name or anything like that
00:20:55
but we know it's there. And then we
00:20:58
started to fill in the gaps. So you you
00:21:01
have some sort of smart guess. Um I
00:21:05
know I don't have a smart oh right but
00:21:08
still you you have enough data you
00:21:11
could draw all these lines you know by
00:21:14
christian may possibly for example that
00:21:16
easy stuff that all these red star what
00:21:18
you stuff that you could start feeling.
00:21:21
Um so this kind of thing is this real
00:21:23
you the multi all mixed power right so
00:21:25
more and more sort of individuals have
00:21:28
the multi layers information then just
00:21:31
by statistics you try to make for them
00:21:33
to go this is another example is that
00:21:36
we've done between the chemical peels
00:21:38
the conferences found this study is not
00:21:42
just trying to find out by markers for
00:21:44
it is thing the the the colour cancer
00:21:47
patients and the controls of course we
00:21:49
actually did find some markers. But
00:21:52
more importantly can we find out
00:21:54
interesting markers to a sort of to be
00:21:57
the markers of different stage so we
00:22:00
collected all the sample from you know
00:22:03
state one two three and four and you
00:22:05
can discover for example the don't be
00:22:07
jeans is quite interesting if you to
00:22:10
sort of follow up that become a stage
00:22:13
apart markers. So that actually us
00:22:18
shows you again the progression of of
00:22:21
the cup material changes day and to the
00:22:23
potential by Marcus you can discover
00:22:25
from different states I'm not a scene
00:22:29
with down I mean this is again from
00:22:31
different point of study so from this
00:22:35
from each other strategies which try to
00:22:37
collect lot just a fickle sample but
00:22:39
also the dental sample for seventeen
00:22:42
which is just so shy to see if they
00:22:44
have the same a situation the bucks we
00:22:46
stick you know the disease and controls
00:22:48
in to see if they shared a lot. Um but
00:22:51
first of all again the as usual so we
00:22:53
we've discovered markers that the
00:22:55
related with the argument limited are
00:22:59
we starting patients there and actually
00:23:01
you discover gram actually got you know
00:23:04
probably be protective against the
00:23:06
disease which is good. But then you you
00:23:09
do all this study what this is another
00:23:12
one based on the cup active analysis
00:23:15
but then have a very specific a
00:23:18
phenotype characters here trying to see
00:23:21
if you can bring again the materials
00:23:23
reason this specifically not that makes
00:23:25
you RP level whatever IDT level there.
00:23:28
So it just this is just another way of
00:23:31
looking at the data this is that that
00:23:33
elevated right so you got a dental data
00:23:36
comparison with this other heavily data
00:23:38
and we got paid. Um a become a very
00:23:41
interesting for example some of those
00:23:44
materials are really representative in
00:23:47
this in the all these samples then
00:23:49
actually this study shows sometimes the
00:23:52
dental sort of markers is even stronger
00:23:55
associated. So you know what be weekly
00:23:58
because doctors told me that sometimes
00:24:01
the the puppeteer is could actually a
00:24:03
big into the bloodstream just from the
00:24:06
models I don't really need to go
00:24:08
through the got in stocks but anyway.
00:24:11
So that tells you that that will this
00:24:13
but to is is also very very important.
00:24:16
Uh for the rendered of structures are
00:24:20
not just to to develop a by matter from
00:24:23
but then so but ear is to to say this
00:24:26
is important but markers for a patient
00:24:28
step and also they're really useful I
00:24:31
mean we did we sort of find out to
00:24:33
compare with that because sample
00:24:34
instead of a sample but the total
00:24:36
samples are kind of more useful for the
00:24:40
evaluation of the university which is
00:24:42
the traditional. T so the correlating
00:24:45
the best to see you know if you have
00:24:47
certain materials actually these
00:24:48
treatment would be more efficient or
00:24:50
actually lasting peace you could become
00:24:52
a very interesting study there again so
00:24:56
this is just different part of the a
00:24:59
tier is how how that that these
00:25:01
disease. So we are collecting a lot of
00:25:04
those kind of information and basically
00:25:07
every possible easy samples we could
00:25:10
collect it over the country in china.
00:25:13
And sequence all of them and put it
00:25:15
into our database. And well there's a
00:25:19
lot of things that we've trying to do
00:25:20
again the collecting all mixed data
00:25:22
from the for intervention. So well we
00:25:24
know all the food directly sometimes
00:25:27
directly influence the got Mccall be
00:25:29
able to sometimes they sort of just
00:25:31
affect the the the release date active
00:25:34
the greetings there and there is a a a
00:25:39
very magic at Madison co traditional
00:25:41
chinese Madison which is being sort of
00:25:45
a documented for thousands of years and
00:25:47
all well nobody knows why and we sort
00:25:51
of just try to see you anything we
00:25:54
could do regarding to those tradition
00:25:56
tennis madison's that we made in this
00:25:58
to something that people think he's
00:26:00
probably important for the different a
00:26:03
sort of a physiology of human. And we
00:26:06
start to test tomorrow I mean I know it
00:26:08
sewing chinese I don't know how to
00:26:10
transit that you do initially anyway
00:26:13
but I just show you some of those
00:26:14
examples there like for example this is
00:26:19
the for this is come to the top on the
00:26:21
list is just a lou. Um it evaluates of
00:26:24
very different pictures of the remote
00:26:27
computer from the PC controls. And you
00:26:30
can look at the the but to resume
00:26:33
posting is actually the shortage pretty
00:26:34
aspect to this which is in general so
00:26:38
it's quite an amazing. So I I'm taking
00:26:41
a low everyday and so just to just to
00:26:44
be you the safe side. And another why
00:26:48
is the kind of to which is again a very
00:26:51
interesting results is sure especially
00:26:55
for the you know by assisting creation
00:26:58
my wife does not really like me to to
00:27:02
have gotten or every day but I do that
00:27:07
rely on the actually a outside of a by
00:27:13
the way so we are keep doing all this
00:27:15
kind of seems to not just from the
00:27:17
mouse study but also pick stuff too but
00:27:20
also human study too. So we we could
00:27:23
volunteers most of them. P gentle
00:27:27
always because we have six on employees
00:27:29
so they have that would the cool there.
00:27:32
So we have the interesting sort of
00:27:34
contain which we could a cafeteria
00:27:37
which you could put all these things
00:27:39
there. And some people sign up to say
00:27:41
now I want to do this study. And they
00:27:43
started you don't work I'd probably
00:27:45
every day thing we saw tested before
00:27:47
and after and all these things so just
00:27:50
trying to see how that affects all this
00:27:54
property to an odyssey of course people
00:27:58
have been discussing is cool robotics
00:28:01
you are provided. It's important that
00:28:03
so we've tried isolated all these high
00:28:07
P values stuff from all this disease
00:28:10
control starting okay. So for example
00:28:13
this one this a but tier is RTF one
00:28:16
zero one is one but here is that we got
00:28:19
it is healthy but you receive detect
00:28:21
like really said analysis that so then
00:28:24
we use that one mouse model issues a
00:28:26
very very good potential or problematic
00:28:29
sort of you could be used it in a way
00:28:35
to protect you against the have it
00:28:37
beeps again we're recruiting people in
00:28:40
PGI but then P jacket poised too young
00:28:42
so we recording their parents oh so the
00:28:45
parents you know newly discovered
00:28:46
directly D.'s whatever so I have
00:28:48
several sorry there it's loose that are
00:28:51
up robotic try to to see if they have
00:28:54
any better. And then we started because
00:28:58
we have a national team back at PGI and
00:29:01
we started to use a national team bank
00:29:04
become a nationals to back which is
00:29:07
good actually so we save all these
00:29:10
different kind of stews with different
00:29:11
each sex whatever we don't people that
00:29:14
means three toleration so it's not like
00:29:16
I so forty dollars at oh by the way so
00:29:20
well hopefully we can do more there.
00:29:24
And is still not very class and of
00:29:26
course to do fickle right estimation so
00:29:29
it's what you would be much better to
00:29:30
develop a pool tables still cocktail
00:29:33
solution which I so of beach yeah it's
00:29:36
really trying to do. So then from this
00:29:38
people back oh that's too bad we
00:29:42
selected all these individuals and then
00:29:44
it started to screen out all this
00:29:46
transpired just non targeted waiting.
00:29:49
Um so the work has been carried on
00:29:51
voting almost a year. I we've got
00:29:54
twelve point restraints entice about a
00:29:58
whatever twenty species. And which is
00:30:01
quite good. This is just the copper
00:30:03
species party in this entire. Um a got
00:30:08
up too three yeah hopefully we will get
00:30:11
it the sort of the whole colour
00:30:14
coverage in the a couple years time but
00:30:17
we are are trying very hardest really
00:30:20
labour intensive. It's quite
00:30:23
interesting okay so but from that we
00:30:28
are trying to look into do to develop
00:30:30
kind of cocktail solution so when
00:30:33
people come to be jointly sequence the
00:30:35
cup of tea or is the MP we give them a
00:30:37
or pale. And and probably sometimes a
00:30:41
card or other blue or any of those
00:30:43
traditional Madison so along try to
00:30:45
help manage or else. Okay eventually a
00:30:49
soul everything just has to be done in
00:30:52
which people are talking about a
00:30:54
collecting samples canonical samples
00:30:56
hundreds of samples there. But it's not
00:30:58
enough rain we as I say at the very
00:31:00
beginning we did meet with the meetings
00:31:02
and so we need more T a mixed data for
00:31:06
one meeting each at least I mean that
00:31:08
stuff I mean is the start if you look
00:31:12
at the cost but you know you've already
00:31:14
seen. It's you can solve more small. So
00:31:18
long as ten solid and your starter
00:31:19
people talking about once on your
00:31:21
stomach but we this right in ten years
00:31:24
you would be just one dollar just
00:31:26
really the way it is free I mean
00:31:32
everybody to sequence the in a minute
00:31:34
you know whatever for free. I think BTI
00:31:37
will all three four three couple of use
00:31:39
because the value of the data would be
00:31:43
much more than just generating the
00:31:46
data. So when you process rush. And
00:31:50
when you know exactly how to use the
00:31:51
data apply today to sequence the data
00:31:54
to generate data would be free and
00:31:58
obituaries on the way to to towards I
00:32:00
think next year we was started to
00:32:02
provide services to do a whole genome
00:32:05
sequencing at the level of several
00:32:08
hundred dollars you have dot how would
00:32:10
you know sequence with like a an almost
00:32:14
can have cafeteria sequencing at I
00:32:17
don't twenty thirty dollars whatever.
00:32:20
So everybody can afford to it. And
00:32:23
there would be a very interesting are
00:32:27
sort of interface we call voyager to
00:32:30
really demonstrate all these data. And
00:32:32
sort of make a community of people so
00:32:34
people if I have a one mini users in
00:32:37
these systems. So people could call
00:32:39
friends like they're competing with
00:32:40
their running competition so the
00:32:43
recorder friends to say okay so now we
00:32:45
are you need to do this steering group.
00:32:47
So to see how the but here it changes
00:32:49
and Ellis study would be done in is
00:32:52
that if you have enough data users. And
00:32:56
this is what PJ I will do in the next
00:32:58
two three years. And from that's
00:33:02
hopefully we will get in the first a
00:33:04
database a minute you know meeting all
00:33:07
makes database for well for the follow
00:33:09
up study. And from there I hope we can
00:33:12
have some complete picture of whole
00:33:15
picture of something at that time if I
00:33:18
was still get invitation from this
00:33:19
conference I may just tell you the real
00:33:24
sort of whole picture not by hypothesis
00:33:26
is true but actually dated even see
00:33:29
conclusion that I can show you but
00:33:31
anyway there is a lot of people join
00:33:34
the work as you can see just go and
00:33:36
Frederick has already give that talk to
00:33:38
a lot of others thank you very much for

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Conference Program

Introduction of the Session 1 : The Gut Microbiome: Facts and Figures
Josef Penninger, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna
Oct. 23, 2014 · 9:07 a.m.
648 views
The role of commensal bacteria in the gut
Willem de Vos, Wageningen University, The Neterlands
Oct. 23, 2014 · 9:31 a.m.
568 views
Q&A : The role of commensal bacteria in the gut
Willem de Vos, Wageningen University, The Neterlands
Oct. 23, 2014 · 10:29 a.m.
145 views
Gut microbial richness impacts human health
Dusko Ehrlich, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:07 a.m.
354 views
Q&A : Gut microbial richness impacts human health
Dusko Ehrlich, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:44 a.m.
Cross-talk between the mucosal immune system and environmental factors
Hiroshi Kiyono, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:56 a.m.
331 views
Q&A : Cross-talk between the mucosal immune system and environmental factors
Hiroshi Kiyono, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 23, 2014 · 12:31 p.m.
Introduction of the Session 2 : Host - Microbiome Interaction
Susan Suter, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 1:41 p.m.
143 views
Mechanisms of cross talk in the gut
Annick Mercenier, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 1:55 p.m.
393 views
Q&A : Mechanisms of cross talk in the gut
Annick Mercenier, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 2:34 p.m.
106 views
Relationship of diet to gut microbiota diversity, stability and health in older people
Paul O'Toole, University College Cork, Ireland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 3:52 p.m.
241 views
Q&A : Relationship of diet to gut microbiota diversity, stability and health in older people
Paul O'Toole, University College Cork, Ireland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 4:27 p.m.
Gut microbes and their role in malnutrition and obesity
Rob Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 9:16 a.m.
1377 views
Q&A : Gut microbes and their role in malnutrition and obesity
Rob Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:01 a.m.
The gut metagenome - your other genome
Jun Wang, BGI, Shenzhen, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:19 a.m.
157 views
Q&A : The gut metagenome - your other genome
Jun Wang, BGI, Shenzhen, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:53 a.m.
103 views
Fecal transplant to mine for novel probiotics
Max Nieuwdorp, Amsterdam Medical Center, The Netherlands
Oct. 24, 2014 · 11:04 a.m.
735 views
Q&A : Fecal transplant to mine for novel probiotics
Max Nieuwdorp, Amsterdam Medical Center, The Netherlands
Oct. 24, 2014 · 11:25 a.m.
Introduction of the Session 4 : Nutritional Interventions
Keiko Abe, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 24, 2014 · 12:46 p.m.
108 views
Interactions between gut microbiota, host genetics and diet
Liping Zhao, Jiao Tang University, Shanghai, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 12:56 p.m.
465 views
Pediatric intervention - what works and what doesn't work
Hania Szajewska, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Oct. 24, 2014 · 1:47 p.m.
265 views
Q&A : Pediatric intervention - what works and what doesn't work
Hania Szajewska, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Oct. 24, 2014 · 2:15 p.m.
Perspectives for nutrition and the gut microbiome
Nicholas Schork, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 3:02 p.m.
1297 views
Q&A : Perspectives for nutrition and the gut microbiome
Nicholas Schork, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 3:46 p.m.

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Dr. Jean Hausser, Assistant Professor, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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