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heard this morning news sequencing methods which
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allowed to describe large microbial communities
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and the possibility to handle very large amount of take them
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in possible to reach a more and more precise definition
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uh of the human got some i cried out that it's competition and metabolic activity
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the three presentations of this afternoon will
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address mechanisms of crosstalk between the
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microorganisms and the whole spied on you can have fun yeah
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followed by mechanistic data on how they've got
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micro by note that affects metabolism in early that
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and later in the afternoon on the cracked microbiology not
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on in all the people by plough some
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they start to know that's well this symposium we'll hear more about the conversation up
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the got i'm microorganisms in the first two weeks and months of life
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and their impact in later life before starting with the presentations
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let me present to you with some recent observations one of what might be
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that really ask on that of the features an infant with microorganisms
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before birth defeat this is thought to be protected against
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infections by that's the really the outputs environment and
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in the case of a normal pregnancy differs contact of the baby
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but we've michael what denise this happens during its passage
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through that that china and this keen on that
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he's you know he's challenged by closely in recent findings
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on the microbial content of nothing that's in three hundred
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and twenty pregnancies by all guard and co workers
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they show all that apply sent down hard with a
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unique micro by on of little uh buttons
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that meant that all they can be reached which when
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compared to the micro pile of apartment buttons sites
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resembles mostly all rules or not the mind of the chain
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it'll tract which is much closer to the placid
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based microbial community i is composed of norman pathogenic
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commands little micro by the auto from
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different foods tenderly cute scroll wheel bacteria bacterial
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date is and from the bacteria fee
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the authors propose that the plus and then the the c. d. nine came i don't
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think i've read of these microorganisms you really that last caller station nothing changed
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we know include that came at auctions threat of the
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walls will right it's not uncommon healthy individuals
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without consecutive infection to think a benign h.
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so is it possible that the first contact the fifty this with microorganisms who this guy is
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we now i hope then shouldn't useful want takes place much earlier than occurs
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if these findings are can for that they raise the question the way that they were in on that
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with a baby is innate and adaptive immune system before but
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and whether that proof if a piece in human system as an
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a. p. o. ricky learned to tolerate it why not
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we know that if e. s. walls large quantities of um what it freak you just station
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yeah he's immune system is by its king you to reach the maturity is
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able to respond for instance in the case of youth and fixed
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why would this symposium we we'll hear more about the role
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of the cut macro by attacking the development of good
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in may and yeah that if he did the provision of energy source despite the micro find out that
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for the holes they're all invite the mean value to disease and
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also they're very of function against conversation with microbial pathogens
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then you can basically has two goals in steps
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of sequential conversation by microorganisms and education
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of this self both hits the nuances them in order
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to learn to to distinguish between friend and in
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we are in use to see this relationship in a pathogen saying man
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that means that the main role of the immune system is defence against infection
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but another function supported by yeah hypotheses developed by margaret mac file gate
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and which is published in two thousand and seven might
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be important as important as the defence against infection
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but it competition on what is known on
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the new one system in invertebrates invertebrates
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have only i mean a new system and
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told harper complex communities of bacteria
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and the one invertebrates rich have an eight times an
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adaptive immune system she postulates that the mainly based
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the adaptive immune system may have involved because of the need to
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really look nice and manage complex communities well beneficial microbes
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in the can my calls lenient system we have to keep this morning of the got
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however is more cells of the immune system
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than all secondary implications take that
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and the human gastrointestinal tract heartless that's hard with
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such a complex come you have inefficient mike
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therefore we can logically asked the question whether every every other yeah how to it
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with potentially beneficial and calls look good any fish microorganisms can for her
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might enable the baby's mccall's lose in one system to read
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coke nice them as harmless all righty at rooms
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facility in there by the column station of the card back welcome organised
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building up an efficient and healthy macro value on as
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really and this quickly possible starting even before or
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is certainly in its interest since you would offer him
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access to additional energy so mostly flattened something up
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it eighty has seemed to be important energy after we've
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and this is illustrated by simple fact i'd
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like to recall you about the growth of an infant in the first week so flat
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it is during these first weeks that so mackey
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roles including parading goals is remarkably rapid
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if we express the growth rate of pay people
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in centimetres per year for his first weeks
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of life it amounts to flaunt twenty up to twenty eight seventy meters per year
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and his hat still conference increases style two centimetres in one month
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these enormous growth rate drops progressively during the first remark
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uh but remain stair steps counsel for the first your for
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so it is dealing with a period where this microphone got that gets progressively retreat
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that you must be able to sustain you scroll to the grocery
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breast milk will provide the baby with it inappropriate in
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a cheapo source of course but not all get
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ah good ways components of the innate and yet that if you knew system
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to fill the gap until his own immune system is able to take over
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and he starts macro biotech is established function remember
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it takes about them wants to mount
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and a fish and i secretary i. t. a. response
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but there are only at the micro by not that i've fully functional
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that earlier people have access to energy sources provide right
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so slogans constellations raise questions and scientific
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evidence to sustain good response
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this is the opinion expressed in recent review what i'd change and walk
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they're all off the of all mean and fluctuating neonatal macro by not
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not in influencing that development the function of the immune system
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is still unclear and degree of involvement of the immune system in shaping
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the competition of the got microphone don't that is and will
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but from an evolutionary point of view it makes sense
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and the idea that the human immune system does not on
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the capable to just think i'm speaking friend and enemy
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that it also contributes to shape got microbial communities to the benefit of the holes
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is in just a concert these interesting answer it certainly deserves to be for school
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what is clear is that there are a lot being micro by out that it really post natal light it's fraction
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and extremely sensitive to external influences and
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as we will hear later disturbances
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up to my proprietor at this age have far reaching consequences in later that
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with regard to the immune system we have to get away
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from it exclusively pathogen centred view to have you
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where it's role in establishing in managing a complex commune you're
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in if you should got my coworker instances also explore
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those of you laugh a six that this symposium of two thousand and ten on it teaching ethics
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made him and that the title of the presentation of
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the clock and wow i really environment matches
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and in this case it may well be that
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they're very early microbial environment you she lives
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is important and even deterministic an as suggested
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by size again bloomberg teenage enormity really this year
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the first contact between the immune system and then michael organisation may
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have ready to see effect on b. uh_huh uh_huh later
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but now back to two thousand and four and i would
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like to introduce our first cut the speaker and sydney
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she'll change her p. h. d. at the interface three hundred plus
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i forgot i had pasta you at each yeah eighteen zero
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she then joined transition in strasbourg where she
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worked for fourteen years and uh
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after that he set up the department of microbiology of eco systems
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in lille in nineteen ninety six what innate it's access you you research
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programs developing faxing and probably optic applications of lactic acid bacteria
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in two thousand and two she started in tradition
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and health department at the nasty research stand
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to be in north and as a group leader where she still he's a senior next
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since the two thousand and eleven she's also effie yeah keep part
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kind to the university of walking and as associate professor
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and it is a little quarter of over one
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hundred and five peer reviewed publications quarter of
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pork chop this injury you would call in think of forty nine part so hot buttons
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she also serves as a member on that is you probably ought
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to have forced into lactic acid bacteria interest will platform
00:12:45
a presentation using title mechanism of crosstalk you

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Conference Program

Introduction of the Session 1 : The Gut Microbiome: Facts and Figures
Josef Penninger, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna
Oct. 23, 2014 · 9:07 a.m.
648 views
The role of commensal bacteria in the gut
Willem de Vos, Wageningen University, The Neterlands
Oct. 23, 2014 · 9:31 a.m.
568 views
Q&A : The role of commensal bacteria in the gut
Willem de Vos, Wageningen University, The Neterlands
Oct. 23, 2014 · 10:29 a.m.
145 views
Gut microbial richness impacts human health
Dusko Ehrlich, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:07 a.m.
354 views
Q&A : Gut microbial richness impacts human health
Dusko Ehrlich, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:44 a.m.
Cross-talk between the mucosal immune system and environmental factors
Hiroshi Kiyono, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:56 a.m.
331 views
Q&A : Cross-talk between the mucosal immune system and environmental factors
Hiroshi Kiyono, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 23, 2014 · 12:31 p.m.
Introduction of the Session 2 : Host - Microbiome Interaction
Susan Suter, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 1:41 p.m.
143 views
Mechanisms of cross talk in the gut
Annick Mercenier, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 1:55 p.m.
393 views
Q&A : Mechanisms of cross talk in the gut
Annick Mercenier, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 2:34 p.m.
106 views
Relationship of diet to gut microbiota diversity, stability and health in older people
Paul O'Toole, University College Cork, Ireland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 3:52 p.m.
241 views
Q&A : Relationship of diet to gut microbiota diversity, stability and health in older people
Paul O'Toole, University College Cork, Ireland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 4:27 p.m.
Gut microbes and their role in malnutrition and obesity
Rob Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 9:16 a.m.
1377 views
Q&A : Gut microbes and their role in malnutrition and obesity
Rob Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:01 a.m.
The gut metagenome - your other genome
Jun Wang, BGI, Shenzhen, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:19 a.m.
157 views
Q&A : The gut metagenome - your other genome
Jun Wang, BGI, Shenzhen, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:53 a.m.
103 views
Fecal transplant to mine for novel probiotics
Max Nieuwdorp, Amsterdam Medical Center, The Netherlands
Oct. 24, 2014 · 11:04 a.m.
735 views
Q&A : Fecal transplant to mine for novel probiotics
Max Nieuwdorp, Amsterdam Medical Center, The Netherlands
Oct. 24, 2014 · 11:25 a.m.
Introduction of the Session 4 : Nutritional Interventions
Keiko Abe, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 24, 2014 · 12:46 p.m.
108 views
Interactions between gut microbiota, host genetics and diet
Liping Zhao, Jiao Tang University, Shanghai, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 12:56 p.m.
465 views
Pediatric intervention - what works and what doesn't work
Hania Szajewska, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Oct. 24, 2014 · 1:47 p.m.
265 views
Q&A : Pediatric intervention - what works and what doesn't work
Hania Szajewska, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Oct. 24, 2014 · 2:15 p.m.
Perspectives for nutrition and the gut microbiome
Nicholas Schork, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 3:02 p.m.
1297 views
Q&A : Perspectives for nutrition and the gut microbiome
Nicholas Schork, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 3:46 p.m.