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challenge no it's for us to get you also the post condemned tape and try to keep you awake
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the second is to own or the invocation of my upper management and
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this is not the right of challenge and the third one is
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to bring you to the mechanism of possible in the get and
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i was actually farewell inspired when i was given the topic
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two up last minute it out in the beginning of the facilities don't
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and whatever you do today is set of reviewing the vast amount of literature you have on
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basic aspects of this possible is actually give you a few examples
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off mostly i would say and published it sometimes but which results
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for that uh we have generated your can have c.
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and i would also use an example for my hosting laboratory um in a rocking and
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so yeah i found this numbers already i actually quickly because
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of we'll check that my numbers there were okay
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it has to be honest to get is really have very very dense
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and very complex ecosystem and we have to keep in mind that
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since come in and out constantly what was not meeting discussed a lot
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uh so far is that the whole lot of new roles
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which means that you not only totally immune system to to talk to other parts of the body as well
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so the cost so you can argue that takes place in the playoffs is quite complicated
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you have different problems to get my computer which by itself isn't really quite a story
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the investment are yeah we have some aspects about part of the doesn't don't
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hear the immune system which is also seek visible you know who's the
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also the onto we can have a system all of these components talk
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to each other and it's actually by direction from what we know
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on top of it they are strongly influence in this was already presented by
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speakers this morning by the whole genetics by and your mood and downright
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and it says complex interaction which one would be to have some disease and you can imagine that i'm
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not going to cover and explain that in forty five minutes that's why i too specific examples
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the current view is uh as was also described this morning
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that basically the mike reviewed that interacts with different layoffs if i
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can see all levels of different levels in human host
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in the got to run with impressive every year and the mucus leo ah
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with the ah so see that complex the remote system but beyond that
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seeing as can propagate to the systemic immune system to the
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nervous system to deliver any number of sports and
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it's impossible for the time being to disconnect will these aspects from each other
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and that's why i would give you two examples of interaction with the impersonal
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immune system one example of the interaction with repeated a part of your
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and one example of how it can impact of microbial
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attacked or perhaps can impact on the that relaxes
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i will not even touch the bacterium bacterium about them within the michael below the dialogue
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because this is very active is best adhesive model system like cheeses it to to order it
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was systems and i think we would need the full this important when rub that
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the team i say to that would like to uh already highlight is that
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to get up to be able to at least approach some of
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the question we if you don't see me to combine systems
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and analytical uh methods but also integrate all the data in this was already also evil
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first examples two examples of bacterial soon and into the host email
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system and i will show you that not everything is like
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the dogma or the canonical dogma i mean what is used to believe does that
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the hostess sees the external part of the bacterium so all
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the effect of molecules which are up the surface
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um and to to that can only carry or receptors like the target set
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of the not receptive to everything which is most top down recognition reset
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and this is very nicely reviewed invariably instead it but it's only
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part of the storming because not yeah actually more complicated
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they have a number of said well the corporation and they have a number of components inside which by the way can
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by accident and that on the surface and senior very strongly to the
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host but they also could use a number of a compound slide
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uh they get really is the anything it would also look good factors of
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peptides make top or lights so you have a plate tore off
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a factor molecules or seen any molecules that can be respected yeah yeah
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and you are not already about water surface components uh this morning
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uh in the shop in fact yes it's where also illustrated
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but you can imagine as well that bacteria that what you guess doctor
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h. two o. two bacterial scenes can in part on the micro but it would be proving to get
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and there i think that this is sometimes they beat the or
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and our estimate that when we do the analysis of the impact of a single effect are much
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so i think is one example on what guided to start which were we going you isn't the
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room somewhere um a couple of years ago and uh where we
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a big is that a different genome sequence offices that that didn't this
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may sound like me that it's not that hard in c.
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and probably should noted that in the genome of uh of the if you don't talk to me long one
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that specific strain there was enjoying it looking for protein very well known in the
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coyotes but not really well known and reporting back to you know this was
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the serpent sailing put this in the bigger and it was
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intrigued by that and also noted that these g. is
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really uh involved in moderation affinity boss ways and also sometimes
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in the immune are incorrectly uh with the holes
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so is he knows of with a lot of contacts biochemical studies
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and demonstrated that the these syrup in um gene is indeed
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encoding for bone right about now feed me sitting cookies i'm sorry to visit you basically
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are they identified that the supreme substrate where human it is these is very specific
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and the also embarked on genetic studies and what is a very interesting there is that
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but looking easy lot very often she spec that secrete all parties surface associated
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but what is very interesting is that the gene is not expressed in vitro
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so if you could give it all back to you and you run a number of studies you lightweight nice
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g. and yes you don't actually need this is embedded one first message i would like to pass
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in visual when you get a string to almost for example you can
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demonstrate that there is indeed evil induction of transcription and translation
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the other g. over the uh uh with the d.
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c. report these is awful i'm going it's also
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yeah to analysing the the the detachment finding out
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about actually inhibition of n. f. stays it's
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amount out of bias it what is is cooked reduce inflammation of actions in
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animal models so the question was if you then does the supreme light
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uh forty from beyond when does it mediate the aunt into account and fit
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onto inflammatory effect that we had been able to demonstrate something straight
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and to i'm so completely to this question the assembly
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to school constructed but number of students we have
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a knockout strain where the strategy was deleted show absolutely
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unable to produce supreme in and the conditions
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the wiretaps traded that what users so clean only
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in it that an online and especially in which also what used the serpent
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and uh consecutive promote also high levels of certain independently
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of the complex and the trees prints where analysis
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you are the mouse model of a experiment that connects and
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what you can see without going into too many details
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is that if you look at the microscopic scores which version of the
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level of information the control mice where windows colour it does
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ever score of five the score incidentally reviews by administration of the wind
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died you know well if you knock out the supreme jean
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you to to to use the protective effect any you have constitute
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if expression and have to don't depend on unknown triggers
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that you have a much better call a protection it all these parameters where
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correlated and uh that you know was a lot of uh information now
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it's also quite visible from histology studies disease oh what a hefty mice
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in here out administration of a high producing um certain straight
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you can see a full protection of the basement so so the model was that
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in response to a stressful you set on information which leads
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to a really a release of ask these nice
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product it's kind of an all too inflammatory group by the difference supreme
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which forms a d. quite a complex with the enough things you really stop this information
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so you see this is great i've isolated new provided g. have
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identified shopping and shopping is now my aunt inflammatory component
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obviously we also will clone to that scene in a lot of cardio which was another one like guess
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it back to you and maybe gave it to mice we had no protective i think at all
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and my message there is that i i'm not saying that a circuit doesn't care
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road in the shuttle back to mangle i'm just saying that that carrier
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is of the effective molecule page of all itself so it might be
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having a g. but it has to cooperate with all the effect of molecules
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and it depends all show where it brings the effect a molecule in to get
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and i think that this is something which is quite often overlooked when
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you start to play with your uh of single effective molecules
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no i'm do perhaps you grab it it'll be the mindset want to rip
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also worked at a where we became intrigued and entertained while by
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for god's sake what else can it's enough to the
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whole standard classical molecular party i'm associated proteins
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and this work which was really that i definitely don't shark and the people of the identical
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so what i'm simply i see that is quite different pretty signs we use a lot for basic studies is
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to really use it a lot uh circulating says integrate them
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we spoke bioethics comments as i've got a chance
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and look at the whole song of sight attacks which is released after disintegration and he's
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what we want in your own for finding so it gives you an i. d.
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fuel straight is more on the plough inflammatory profile an aunt inflammatory paul fine
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and it is actually useful to classify constraint into ever that an idea of the
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global stimulation the bacterium can exert at the level of the human system
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and we use the system in the past quite a bit to compare my
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muse was white white that midwestern diversity or does it mean quite of
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some of this work to look at the effect of processing on the strains and also on
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on started to look at in part of the treatment of this and you realised that
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discussed or it would that uh to live and he treats frames and that typically
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the dimension that recommends yeah i'll be alive to uh produce an ethic
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and we were wondering if we prevent strange to replicate
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what can we measure and would you don't um dentists try cigarettes which don't
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take any of the image on the usually for with the creation
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um the proceeded was that some of the shopkeeper racially of some
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of the internal molecules may not be damaged completely by treatment
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and would still be able done as a consequence to signal to the holes
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so the first thing we did is very five dialling twenty microscopy that
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the live and he treated strains depending on the hips we didn't
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don't differ that much from each of also the structure is not these don't and you
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could imagine that the number of pounds automatically deposited but don't ask you there
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and if you push the treatment of the tractor abuse you start to damage the sense
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and you start to make them really but we also verify that independently of the structure
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these but it would probably should west t. able to sing you
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know to um uh the the top receptor slides and her
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we don't use our simple previous yes see what we have snow it was for specific screen each
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tool for many other strange but i would just like to myself one example is that
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if you look at what the life up to boston spark i see
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straight is doing open stimulation of a p. b. m. c.'s
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it induces a the production of mine twice i would say more cool
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from not resign and uses very little i had done so
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little regulatory on income not recycle kind when you start to submit it to heat treatment
00:14:02
you will see a decrease in the campus portals like twelve an increase in the capacity to produce line that
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which leads you to a globally you move from a worm or aunt
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informative it'll fly which is by the way also going on with
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the n. f. l. format actually an indefinite amount reduction and we started putting focus sick how it is possible
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and can in oshkosh start to think of it out of the classical box
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of bacteria because she's any me knowledge is more than a microbiologist
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which clearly is an advantage now and then and uh
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she realised that type and production is highly dependent
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on a series of faded out every mechanism that that stability of the i ten messenger
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that there and number or in the the longhorns hated region of the titanic wouldn't you you have
00:14:56
a number of places where you actually get really points that impact on the entering the stability
00:15:04
and that might whatever this kid could clear well so i think that
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you all went to room of what michael in these are
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and i think that the key point i would like to uh
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mentions here is that they can be blind to seat sequences
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indiana really of the oldest and on leech to a modification either
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by closing the condition of the specific array or maybe translation
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the our vast number of them in the human genome about what's interesting is that
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the the artistry papers which no them when trying to the fact that perhaps
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exit windows might where race can i'm conscious your to do list
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so we say well why don't we look at what is happening at the level
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of the messenger or any of the art than what we did was simple
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again maybe m. c.'s incubate was provided takes in this case straight a
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s. t. eleven or at bargain c. we are but i
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know my seem to block conscription and with the matchup hall the
00:16:05
the the air in a pool was behaving which will time
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and what we still what's first little feat in completely the teenage life is
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yeah yeah but uh quite some indefinite down now they're related i attend
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you've each read the same strain you stimulate your p. b. u. c. shot
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in opposing image ready to into film gamma quite so my dad
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we then measured the rate of the gradation of an iranian but
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you can't see without winning too much heat is that
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the the condition weight of the indefinite gamma message on there and he is
00:16:42
exactly the same independently on watching stimulated b. b. m. c. ways
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or whatever or for the i think it's a completely different story i'd then
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it's a stability of the i've been messenger is greatly affected by
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just didn't do shoes to you could be the b. b. m. c.'s was so if you look at the whole
00:17:04
time there are three it's quite impressive and stimulated point forty
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four hours life if the eleven about the double
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but look nine out of the tree with the heat treat that and that was really treated so we see
00:17:18
'cause does have something to do with my career any and kept getting very find that indeed if you
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look at my choir it may motivation after integration of p. b. m. c. sense
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with live or he treated by that it's you see a huge difference
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including a mere twenty seven and the reason i mention your twenty seven it's because
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it is a microwave any that is known to impact on the i ten
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messenger stability and again you see he treated as eleven doesn't promote
00:17:53
the uh um production of your twenty seven been b. and c. sets knife
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i still have and a seat and the two of them are lower than the medium
00:18:03
so to keep the uh sure it's a relatively long story short of the stories not to to
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finish but i wanted to share it with you the item messenger is started noise by
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he treated probably out it's it was certain level by the nice about things they me
00:18:22
two provisions impact on the um mike where they production of the whole says substantially
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and we actually realised that we had asked me or twenty seven
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corresponding sequences in the genome of the probably optics we knew
00:18:40
where producing high ten in this p. b. m. c. i. c. so it doesn't sound to be completely did it disconnected
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the key question is is oh nice my coronation released in a different way
00:18:51
from he treated or into that yeah yeah and is this this way
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that we actually impact on that i then i tend messenger stability
00:19:01
and as a consequence on the line ten production in front
00:19:04
and i think that this is interesting because it's not a classical factor that you would
00:19:08
look out if you study bacteria hostile go about u. f. o.'s cost too
00:19:15
the next example i want to give is really coming from the ease of a windows of wow
00:19:21
with work i mean my whole thing about when they recognise receipt was in
00:19:25
the room there um and the head of the apple had rejected bands
00:19:30
we discussed a lot about a protective barrier and the
00:19:33
emu factors associated to the paper repeated area
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but perhaps we should be a bit more attention including
00:19:41
in animal models where we don't study specifically
00:19:45
the importance of the because we should get a bit more attention to the
00:19:50
importance of that because leo in d. a. b. t. u. m.
00:19:55
which he's basically deduct yeah i'd be in keep that as distance and it
00:19:59
is really very well used to it it's your um uh that
00:20:04
as you can see the little white time models you have a lot of me
00:20:09
good which is in uh this is not to eat meat state in right
00:20:14
you have a view with us you know it's the very organised layer in the on of
00:20:18
the world that mice and you can see that the doctor here are just a distance
00:20:23
well the and this has been preparation is well known but it took us quite some time to
00:20:29
don't work with that because when i see it as is about uh the the the comic decides to come in and
00:20:35
so the uh jimmy but we know and the the about page
00:20:40
and i decided to take advantage of not to knock out
00:20:43
mines that were actually develop on the beauty is that handles
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that's it on the flop despise line f. y. i.
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it was like what miles so deficient but not
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devoid of and a fuel knockout mice
00:21:00
it was also observe that the knockout mice develop the
00:21:04
spontaneous collide is in certainly more facilities as
00:21:07
i was able to dial the number yeah so it was when we would do it
00:21:12
and what is remarkable is that you have no damage whatsoever in the
00:21:17
video so the question is what is the role of the makers
00:21:22
on the development and demand the needs of the microbial thought into small
00:21:26
and the larger this time and this was realise that it by
00:21:30
uh i would say a simple in the conceptual longitudinal study where a white
00:21:36
i knock out and uh it was like the mice wasted it
00:21:42
uh over time and time bombs were looking at cars people mix microbial type of filing is total
00:21:48
g. n. n. number of points where uh come from by should be c. r. as well
00:21:54
and i think that it's very nicely illustrated as you can see the phenotype demise is
00:22:01
well uh the straightened and corresponding to the other to the big asian this is the new speech sixteen
00:22:07
format to a lot of the work that less all but c. b. d. double that might be
00:22:13
so i was and nothing in to a knockout models which is we also want phone by g. action
00:22:21
and and when you look at what's happening in terms of my could be
00:22:24
auto repeatedly interface the typical situation didn't agrees keeps the bacteria ability
00:22:30
in the it it was a good mice you already have backed yeah did very close and deeper into please
00:22:36
and abuse in the knockout mice you can start to see twins location
00:22:42
and what the test people mix that is that uh that we know and quite if they are a bit too long to explain
00:22:49
you d. to but i think that what is quite striking is
00:22:52
that even but you you have a relatively minor modification
00:22:57
of the mic use like in the yellow it goes to the go to summarise you do have an impact aunt
00:23:04
the the interaction of a mate factors which are important in the responses
00:23:11
and these uh efforts are changing over time and you can see that the effect is
00:23:16
much more on the rules when you compare the wide eyed my student local
00:23:20
i think that we may need more than over the state east to start too long to wait
00:23:26
what is the importance of the different parameters we look at and if i summarise observation of you know
00:23:33
the matrix is quite important and each to a damages depending
00:23:38
on the part of the the the that you examined
00:23:41
but what is important is that it is understood by that that basically you the knockout mice
00:23:48
that damage in the uh email is the need it times you are very impressive
00:23:55
prepare and defence mechanism in these actually make it to make it
00:24:00
go to the will of of what is on your no
00:24:02
by the i twenty to start street tossed we and i think
00:24:05
the balloon was quite interesting observations option should to as well
00:24:10
what is also clear is that that lessons and the amount of make these and it's also seated on demand
00:24:17
could be attacked arts is strongly inference in the development
00:24:22
and maintenance of the days in my computer
00:24:24
so in other words when we use specific models we made ah yes
00:24:28
the rest forms we um generate and a conclusion we make
00:24:33
if we don't take into account june because leo and that was the kind of people message
00:24:39
that that was example i would like to do if is you straight in the interaction of microbes ways to
00:24:45
get green access and this work which was done in a group of yet another on c. d.
00:24:50
in collaboration with the microbiology stuff and i think everyone is in the room so if you want to
00:24:56
discuss more with them you're horny welcome to walk was done in collaboration with the mac master um
00:25:03
a book of a a now where do when she meg actually in the data of these buttons and
00:25:12
find each to a looking at least in i guess we'll come back to that in the
00:25:16
coming a conference is that there is if you don't see it that brain axes
00:25:23
but that does get i mean access which is now recognised by everyone is also impacted
00:25:29
by the microbial though and i think that it was shown an established that
00:25:35
certain stress else can really beat you up
00:25:38
psychological stresses can reduce dramatically microbial diversity
00:25:42
and we also know that germ free mice there is a strong impact on the
00:25:47
scene this is also the middle transmitter so today everyone agrees and ah oh
00:25:53
um yeah agreement with the fact that there is definitively again by direction and
00:26:00
communication between the cat and the brain and this is mediated to make it
00:26:05
not very simple died in normal immune and on the impact which is
00:26:10
my computer is playing rule in this communication and
00:26:15
more and more correlations of what's at this stage of data start to underline that
00:26:22
the reserve all of the michael due to get a marxist in certain diseases
00:26:27
and to illustrate uh some of these aspects i would use some experiments of don't buy a
00:26:34
gap in the school of the idea yes so the it it but but wasn't room
00:26:39
i think our own familiar with it and some speakers we come back to this example but i don't want to make is that
00:26:46
besides the abdominal does all the same discount falls in functional problems
00:26:51
the people suffering from i. b. s. f. will still um moved
00:26:57
i'm sorry the depression like problems and that basically it's all together uh reduces the quality of
00:27:03
life and i know that many people well for a long time doubtful easy really
00:27:08
uh is there really a link between the quality of the ideas i t. n.
00:27:14
t. i. b. s. or is it just a big set of everything and
00:27:19
today they have several lines of evidence supporting the role of the good
00:27:22
michael you don't quite a number of people papers really describe
00:27:28
a cop norman from invasion of no money oh well on to read stability in
00:27:34
composition i cannot see of normal because we don't know what norman is
00:27:38
symptoms of associated with specific uh um a template out
00:27:44
and uh these are really as decisions that is but you have more and more nice and that uh
00:27:49
william could comment on that as well because it it quite so more on ideas and still doing some
00:27:55
was this factor when you then divide today is that
00:27:57
you can i've really lost gastrointestinal infections inflammation
00:28:02
and that and i would say also use of
00:28:06
antibiotics maybe two ideas later in life
00:28:11
the guy well couple of agreement uh intervention start getting the my
00:28:16
computer but and so there and number of papers describing now
00:28:21
he needed or or success in v. probably of the individual to
00:28:25
improve this includes windows which should be noted that um
00:28:30
elemental direct financial below on keep your tips which really impact
00:28:35
on the my computer where shown to improve the simple
00:28:39
so the global forgot be really became and interested in that and are we in the the might of the my
00:28:45
computer in the i. b. s. and i would i would describe now what they showed in terms of
00:28:52
i don't transfer of my computer job three mice so to master as a series of
00:28:58
models where they can really look up to get rain access and did behavioural
00:29:03
and they have one mouse model where every my information in uses anxiety
00:29:10
um an exiled to figure out if you're not typing mines
00:29:13
and this is really huge created by latency to step down from a small platform and as you can
00:29:18
see if you treat the control mice with a
00:29:22
mind inflammatory stress you increase the latency time
00:29:27
if you if two buttons would probably that explains you see a bit action
00:29:32
of the latency time but only one of them
00:29:37
is a really leading to a strong positive effect uh not really yeah right
00:29:41
uh these interventions where we have to similar our individual agents one leading to a
00:29:48
positive effect and the other one out or to a lesser a strong effect
00:29:53
it was a shown that this scene straight which
00:29:57
was reducing anxiety i'd be if you will
00:30:01
was also released a mediated d. b. a. d. n. f. uh expression levels and this was it
00:30:08
needing these changed behaviour after administration of the belong room nine nine nine
00:30:14
also led to normalisation as compared to the untreated device
00:30:18
of the expression levels in this intolerable system of big enough
00:30:23
and this was actually did not see any associated to an aunt inflammatory affects
00:30:30
what information is a tricky only each one and slightly behaviour or
00:30:35
the bacterium known put should reach the behaviour but
00:30:39
didn't background information and this is just again
00:30:42
i try to illustrate that even if you can establish strong effects in a very
00:30:47
limited system you have to be careful in the general conclusions you take from them
00:30:54
the weather some very yeah though is that these effect was to to be dependent of a real
00:31:01
communication between to get him to breed and i think that this is important as well
00:31:07
i'm the same group as another bottle of uh i would say
00:31:11
inflammation no uh might information following um
00:31:16
click enact infections and yeah it was yeah the show on the
00:31:21
main system but again that the young home with me stops
00:31:26
you know we do get really hot but we are absolutely no effect you don't know 'cause we've no
00:31:33
on secluded inside the kinds why should the classic of drugs or a a treat lose which
00:31:39
target mere uh uh yes also overproduction in
00:31:44
ideas on maybe d. um diseases
00:31:48
these war on information big don't affect the greenhouses and i think that these are
00:31:55
the really messages i want to pass and i think it's very strong
00:31:59
we don't we do that without it doesn't do anything
00:32:01
on circulated unified for white rex orchestrations would
00:32:06
impact on t. n. f. alpha but not on the exactly type behavioural
00:32:12
so it became quite interesting for the the
00:32:16
digestive as in microbiology cooled to think
00:32:19
about using the mice as a model and i recognisable the limitations which were
00:32:24
cited already this morning but you have to start somewhere and build any part is
00:32:29
is that you can then next move on to the common situations so
00:32:34
what was the only to piggy or my computer of uh helps you don't have an i. b. yes sir for
00:32:40
us are from the diary yeah diary up type confound decision
00:32:45
i could build up to a germ free lines
00:32:48
and then look at the twenty time and the anxiety
00:32:51
uh uh like behavioural the twenty time is uh
00:32:57
increased all the towns the investment score so the the nice ever increasing
00:33:03
doesn't want to school when they received the my computer of uh
00:33:08
i. b. s. till now compared to draws received the my computer from has
00:33:13
to do with now and the on site the light behaviour which is
00:33:17
we um measure this time in the dark violet box a model is also
00:33:24
um reduced in is also low was only in your in your head see
00:33:31
this you perceive i can see so as compared to do the
00:33:34
mice that receive the my computer from ideas don't or so
00:33:39
you basically not believe that a get rain x. s. exist and that the microbe your top
00:33:44
is really impacting on it but i think that this is really integrating
00:33:48
a v. dance that we should continue easy to get more
00:33:51
taxes what is very interesting to me is that when the my
00:33:55
computer composition of this mice where i'm not that was analysis
00:34:00
you don't see an absolutely clear cut segregation of the microbial thousand miles
00:34:07
has c. or i. b. s. type if i can see summary
00:34:11
however when you move to to a double mix perform c. home
00:34:16
did you hoops cluster completely differently so
00:34:22
it's easy to the trying that you may need more than one really don't that as we discussed already this morning
00:34:29
composition maybe due to a certain conclusion that you should link the trees over me those
00:34:36
and i the next pitch for a t. t. v. there would be too
00:34:41
stratified ideas subjects into different unit types and see to which
00:34:47
point does she not i associate was busy my computer
00:34:51
can be found for up to one most about that but that
00:34:54
obviously will dot to the human situation now that i didn't
00:35:00
um so a very now come to my conclusion and i hope suzanne is happy with me because she
00:35:05
asked me to speed actually i am i think that as a conclusion i can certainly say that
00:35:13
the crosstalk is a cat is fascinating but it's really really the beginning of the story
00:35:19
and uh a lot of progress has been made and abuse yeah good
00:35:24
give you three of four slice of outstanding peoples and refuse but i think that it we
00:35:30
have to use a series of ego engine yet strains bacterial strains continued nice lines
00:35:37
use different essays and modems and i seen someone sighted because of
00:35:41
feel nice and that was a fiance part fish um
00:35:45
mm rodents then i speak let's also the questions are we want a way to approach but that
00:35:53
the challenges then double back from this more base to uh uh the human situation outputs
00:36:01
oh well for like when the line doubt to stick with a single bacterium
00:36:06
in a single but if it was system with one clark cell type
00:36:11
it gives you a really good idea of want to want to for want
00:36:14
of every find more complex system but i think we should really avoid
00:36:18
hope i get a job most like a p. s. is the major
00:36:21
trigger circuit is the magical biotech carrier and and i think that
00:36:27
like we we discussed this morning for the microbial to composition
00:36:31
we have to be a bit careful in what we
00:36:33
the messages we come very i strongly believe that the reason we are but i think we should really
00:36:38
and then we should think about the neglected doubt that's usually when
00:36:41
i speak about the investment area not including the remote system
00:36:46
uh and everyone speaks about i junction senior fantastic pictures very nice
00:36:52
very few people really look at it because slayer by itself when
00:36:56
we speak about the uh uh my computer members i think
00:36:59
that uh to scroll showed very clearly that when you guys made that you know make any text is it a guy
00:37:06
and if you get guys i talked on the ecology of abducted communities for the the
00:37:10
little guys are very nice of fate oh by the way she had uh
00:37:16
also what is to get its infancy is there crosstalk in the diet or
00:37:21
the synergy or the uh between the different type of you've done members
00:37:26
which means that we will have to go to systems biology one way or another
00:37:31
and i don't have that magic solution that i take advantage of missy cleared
00:37:36
basically being in the room and perhaps you can raise your hand
00:37:39
uh because he started to get up and walk through on
00:37:43
how you can move from correlation studies to the uh
00:37:49
in the for in vitro bothering to generate any but this is that you get that go back
00:37:54
to human and i really would like to card to the work you did with uh is
00:37:59
s. p. g. students uh huh i like the you just go to bed met the type to replace
00:38:04
them if you don't know how to study them then you have to push your commentator financially
00:38:09
and i think that this is that we still have a let a lot of know how
00:38:14
to make sense of the data would generate and how can we remain humble i
00:38:18
think it's i can't remember if it was a victim of someone ecstasy
00:38:22
let's remain hand and we know on and off since but let's try to put it together
00:38:27
and with that i would like to thank you for your attention and give my pace
00:38:32
tends to mike and se colleagues uh quite excellent and it's easy to find sciences
00:38:37
the extended office i don't uh we have been collaborating on for the work i've the that and
00:38:44
the longstanding colleagues i have interval was stimulated me over the years

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Conference Program

Introduction of the Session 1 : The Gut Microbiome: Facts and Figures
Josef Penninger, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna
Oct. 23, 2014 · 9:07 a.m.
648 views
The role of commensal bacteria in the gut
Willem de Vos, Wageningen University, The Neterlands
Oct. 23, 2014 · 9:31 a.m.
568 views
Q&A : The role of commensal bacteria in the gut
Willem de Vos, Wageningen University, The Neterlands
Oct. 23, 2014 · 10:29 a.m.
145 views
Gut microbial richness impacts human health
Dusko Ehrlich, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:07 a.m.
354 views
Q&A : Gut microbial richness impacts human health
Dusko Ehrlich, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:44 a.m.
Cross-talk between the mucosal immune system and environmental factors
Hiroshi Kiyono, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 23, 2014 · 11:56 a.m.
331 views
Q&A : Cross-talk between the mucosal immune system and environmental factors
Hiroshi Kiyono, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 23, 2014 · 12:31 p.m.
Introduction of the Session 2 : Host - Microbiome Interaction
Susan Suter, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 1:41 p.m.
143 views
Mechanisms of cross talk in the gut
Annick Mercenier, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 1:55 p.m.
393 views
Q&A : Mechanisms of cross talk in the gut
Annick Mercenier, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 2:34 p.m.
106 views
Relationship of diet to gut microbiota diversity, stability and health in older people
Paul O'Toole, University College Cork, Ireland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 3:52 p.m.
241 views
Q&A : Relationship of diet to gut microbiota diversity, stability and health in older people
Paul O'Toole, University College Cork, Ireland
Oct. 23, 2014 · 4:27 p.m.
Gut microbes and their role in malnutrition and obesity
Rob Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 9:16 a.m.
1377 views
Q&A : Gut microbes and their role in malnutrition and obesity
Rob Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:01 a.m.
The gut metagenome - your other genome
Jun Wang, BGI, Shenzhen, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:19 a.m.
157 views
Q&A : The gut metagenome - your other genome
Jun Wang, BGI, Shenzhen, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 10:53 a.m.
103 views
Fecal transplant to mine for novel probiotics
Max Nieuwdorp, Amsterdam Medical Center, The Netherlands
Oct. 24, 2014 · 11:04 a.m.
735 views
Q&A : Fecal transplant to mine for novel probiotics
Max Nieuwdorp, Amsterdam Medical Center, The Netherlands
Oct. 24, 2014 · 11:25 a.m.
Introduction of the Session 4 : Nutritional Interventions
Keiko Abe, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Oct. 24, 2014 · 12:46 p.m.
108 views
Interactions between gut microbiota, host genetics and diet
Liping Zhao, Jiao Tang University, Shanghai, China
Oct. 24, 2014 · 12:56 p.m.
465 views
Pediatric intervention - what works and what doesn't work
Hania Szajewska, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Oct. 24, 2014 · 1:47 p.m.
265 views
Q&A : Pediatric intervention - what works and what doesn't work
Hania Szajewska, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Oct. 24, 2014 · 2:15 p.m.
Perspectives for nutrition and the gut microbiome
Nicholas Schork, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 3:02 p.m.
1297 views
Q&A : Perspectives for nutrition and the gut microbiome
Nicholas Schork, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, USA
Oct. 24, 2014 · 3:46 p.m.

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Vishwa D. Dixit, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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