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gonna make everyone so i'm feeling quite privilege here to show a very
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technical or a work because when compared to do the presentation
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of this morning a feed him much behind in terms of vision
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and platforms there are four four rip releasable which uh research
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but the message on to convey here on at least for this domain
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of american image analysis is that you can have advancement does
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but the only moment where you know if it works on that is really when you run
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it on lots of of cases and and then you can do is rip releasable research
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so what i'd like to to show of today is a medical image
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analysis method for prices i met scene and more in particular
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the three d. risk of iron spectrum of that that uh i would
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for this cried and then show about france validation on the
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small a set of a of a round uh the big concern human city
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and then how we can we could build an open access ready mix what but found
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that the doctors can use to further very dated with the with the on patients
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so this is the outline i would first introduced the the motivation which
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is to do non invasive personalise estimation of concept written success
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and the whole the methods how to get there was text operators integration functions
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then this validation on this might get a little customer that assets and then the platforms punching with these conclusions
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some education's behind this work is that we know that if you have a c. t. image of of it you more
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that the the structure of this uh do you want to see it is you
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reflects the natures for instance you can see does out different uh i didn't consume us in c. t.
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you have regions which are very dense these are regions are rather active cancer cells
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are all the regions otherwise under under changes et cetera so this is
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very uh had originally was it's not enough to in that we don't you
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fry those regions but it's also important to understand the eco system
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of the different regions because they are like seven michael habitats that are
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uh working in completing which of the the beach with each other
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and if we are able to understand heterogeneity then valuable to crack and divide the type of some of cancer
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and also there for two to predict if you can if the treatment can success on
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so this is uh what we like to do when he's walking this is more generally regrouped in under the terms of of radio mix
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and what we want to do here in particular is to extract a
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treat extra features which are related to the morphological properties of tissue
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and uh to do that to predict response to a rigid therapy basically so they
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process is like that's you you have that you more here the native country
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we extract the set of features and then we hope for instance that
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uh the the these patients that we'd have a treatment success for even came with the puppy
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will populate a similar region of the features base which would help us basic it we don't divide them and say okay
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justin based on the image than intensively uh being a good to say that this the treatment would work on that
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so this activity surrogates uh the current uh person meeting based on
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biopsies where you go with a needle you take a piece
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of tissue which is quite critical if you're in the lines are in the brain and then you run very uh yea
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along the agenda make analyses and you end up with with on with with the with not come
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and also because based on the major have an overview of that you more okay
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we don't have the molecular precision that we have an overview of the heterogeneity
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so of course there are lots of walking does the main uh included going does
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but they are back to main limitations that would like to highlight here is that the first one
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is that there is no separate and then id analysis of the node components so basically they always
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a average the the the the measures of the entire to more than the for you
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you mixing like or have it that's another uh some limitation is that usually the size
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of this vector here is usually larger than the number of points you have in
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the space and we all know that is really leading us meaning to just went
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over fit so this is to aspects we'd like to address in this work
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so that's the decorator and and see how we can uh use like local measures
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of of text you're here and for that we define the general uh
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framework for texture which considers that n. e. g. dimensional uh takes genesis
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approach can be characterised by a set of local operators g. n.
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and also part also look out in the sense that their response so if
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you apply to separate out what particular position x. x. zero hindering image
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the response only depends on this a small box on the small special support here
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do you have an operator like that you have an image like that thing and to apply the separate from this image to extract properties locally
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so for instance uh if you do that with the now operate toss
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you have like the compulsion you we'll go a conversion operators
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and so basically come all this image uh to you you that's got product of this guy
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who is is this image at every position you end up with a response map
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which would highlight specific project properties for instance uh for for for that you know you not textual that you
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so in this work we use a a one particular type of operator which as our it's way let's
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and basically the these guys they they work a bit like a direction that image theory
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that you said so you can see that because this is the collection of of
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text operator was that gives you now defining for you so you need to play
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by jeremy guy here in the numeric toss again you get there that is
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that are like somewhat normalised but the vector of this uh and we get here so you have kind of or bus image directories
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and so they have an intuitive but interpretation because for instance we take all the one you you get the slope to
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the gradients of the transition between the pixels although to is the is the the the the curve it's up there
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so if you look at them when you can hold it with this is a
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something that is band pass it looks like that's we have basically three d.
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with that second order very directly them next wise et cetera and um
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actually there is nice property with them is that uh there's terrible which means that we act
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actually uh can express and rotations of them within our condition of the bases sediment
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and which help us to activate locally i line and those with that's for each position to make
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sure that we are normalised orientation we are locally rotation valiant of for for the images because
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we expect to be able to describe is look at properties within vines to edition
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okay so now we define local operate us and we'd we'd like to have
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the aggregate them over region basically instance that you more so we
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we apply the operators to all position in the image and then we we get the response now
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but in yeah we want to have one ms you for that you more not a set of of of response everywhere
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so we need to aggregates those measures uh to estimate feature statistics and we need to do that or region of interest
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that could be for instance the core of that you more all the margin of two more on anything else so
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to do the segregation there sort options natural one is to do integration and the the
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most the simplest example is with average would you do the average of each
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operator responds uh over that you also get a set of features here
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uh but there is a very strong limitation was average as as we know it
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might give some signal so for instance i like to do straight something here
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so imagine we have this text you're here which was clearly two distinct a visual events that's it
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and then we have to operate also job just like secretary symmetric here they just look
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at things of difference gets here so we can see the response maps over here
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and now we will aggregates this is a response or different regions here so we can aggregate
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over the the right the uh all the green ones over or over the whole image
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and you could look at the feature space that this stands so if we look at the the average
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response of of just operate or here on the x. axis and separate on the y. axes
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we can see that all the green regions are very well uh regrouped same thing for the red ones
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and when you average over the want entire image with the blue one end up or something in me the rejected
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doesn't correspond to anything does your average this is this is not happening this image that's a big problem
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so coming back to our program of of an aside to mars this is
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the problem because if you average picture properties over these heterogeneous two more
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then you end up with something that doesn't correspond to him sing biological essentially get your signal and and you cannot do anything with
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so let's see another way here to drug regulation which is still based on summarising the
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the response of the boat also over region but men using the the covariance matrix
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so now it's a bit better because we keep for each position the uh the
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cool actually visions of the of the features if you want so we have a set of operators and we
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know they the covariance together that's that's a given point so this is what we will use here
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and then you can for instance the vector rice them here to to obtain actually if you recognise your components metrics
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of just to go per triangular because they're symmetric you end up with with a with a vector like that
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now we need to take into account the facts does does mattresses
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we cannot just measure that couldn't distances between these vectors
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because they leave on the symmetric positive this and if you need a menu for no
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so it should take a a naked in distance between them this is wrong it's a
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bit imagine you have to drive a from now that one out for instance that
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it that's useful to know the the couldn't distance between these two points because you
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cannot fly between them you need to take the role to go there
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so this is the same saying you needs to try don't put this money
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for the company that couldn't distances between these two guys not helpful
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so they are when using distance that that exist if you want to compute
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the distance between these two koreans but excellent going to do this here
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and what if we want to do more than computing distance but to compute scallop
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products for instance to do a c. m. classify our our feature or anything
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well uh it's also possible that but you have to uh look at me
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uh approximate the properties of human before so basically you take one production point which is
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uh uh between the two a manual so i see this fear is is the menu full of the covariance matrices
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and this is a production point and then you can uh project all your points
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on this plane tangent here with what we would call logarithm exponential metrics operations
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that's the point on this point here so i won't go into details but you you need to know that we can go from this menu
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forced to displaying and on this plane we can do uh and it's
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got a product so we can compute as yams for instance
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and you can have your decision functions that taking to a account
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like one man and a covariance matrix and the train hype
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then of course to stop products depend on the production points so and it's computed like that
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alright so these other but that's that that we have that we have and let's see how it works on a on a i dunno customer
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so what we wanted to do here is we have a ninety to run like
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uh the customer from uh our colleagues that lets them for hospitals and clinics
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for each of these uh cases we have uh the regions donated
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to have the grass to mow volume should entire remote
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the grandest capacity which is the room want excluding the what one and sorry
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regions which are the most familiar news which are the red ones
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so we will use the different regions recognition to see if it makes a difference and also we have the disease free survival
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time so which means that we know that this is t. it was zero and then they started the register putrid
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and then that detracts which patients have the relapse during this period
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not will do in this war could just simply a binary thing so we will consider all the patients
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that's how the relapse before twelve months he before one year or not okay so
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this is our that binary amount that we want you to uh to predict
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now we we estimated generalisation performance using the telephone 'cause edition
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for each training fall we need to estimate this projection point for the menu full
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of basically will use the minutes of the koreans of the training set
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uh so that it's cool to everyone and you will of course train after as yams on this on this tension plane
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for each test for that we will then compute the classification groups so these are the results
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so we fixed some parameters of our framework we repeated the the experiment several times
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we have a here quite and buttons that the sets because you have twenty three recurrence within the for twelve mourns next
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to sixty nine or missions and these are the the results so that makes bandwidth what we have in the stables
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i i is when we use the full framework so using the s. yams a trained on the menu fault
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b. is when we use the covariance matrices but we compute okay then distances uh
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between them since actually you can fly between uh the and one of the
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and each line here is when you agree getting over is the ontario to
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most of the g. t. v. sorted in red or did you
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that's mainly focused on the f. one score because this isn't balanced so so uh this
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is a better uh ms your for in buttons that asset if one score
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and we can see that already just using the the fact that this covariance leave on the on the
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the symmetry defeats the many fall we can already improve a little bit to the the performance
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uh and especially when we're gonna get over the entire to go for some seventy six to eighty
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that's such an also interesting to see what kind of results we gets when we
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do would simply do average over the of that you or that you more
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and then we we see that this is a big problem because here when you have a range of the
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anti r. two more the g. t. v. uh we get the really big drop in terms of performance
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and this is a big plus the case it should just to get them on the certain parts because those guys every how much uh news so it's
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still okay to agree get an homage is regions of course but the prime
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happens is when you do an average over over a hydrogen you see
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so i just want to our bodily had happy so it seems to work as we want
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but it's still only ninety two patients with a number features just is about the same
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so we we don't know if this so this is all on your feet on
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so this is why we are no building a a here an open access when you mix with by phone
00:14:10
corrected it talks like that so you can uh go to this website you can test it
00:14:15
and that then you for the doctor last they can just a big zip file with
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all their passions and then they can have like a c. team age even pets
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and and the uh the region of interest you can submits and it would process them in the batch months we
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can go uh we with hundreds of patients you you choose a few parameters packet textures and things like that
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then you can get results like uh in this easy file that you can plug
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into your father it's a statistical software lex is p. s. s. or are
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and also like basic ways to to miss your uh to use your statistics on the on the features
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so we we started to use just got from now to further validate what we've
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done and really to your hands to the doctors that they can ah
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a pro that's of patients at this and see if if it works for for
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the problem we already started to have a very interesting results uh on that
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it's also nice for me because i finished my job i i we program that and then that's it's the
00:15:08
doctors that need to find it it it and and and and get some people sort of it is
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okay so it's time to go to conclusion that button perspectives and so we were able to predict written failures
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uh within the first and pull phones for isn't gonna go see of of eighty percent so this is
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but useful for doctors they can choose if you want to use the the treatment or not um you've
00:15:30
seen that is covariance a free market elegance to agree getting it without really killing the information basically
00:15:36
and we have beats this up and that's us a web platform of l. that is really
00:15:40
available now publicly also for last evaluation so we are instilled have dogs because okay
00:15:46
some people named differently there five since it was we were still into this phase of
00:15:50
making it work for for most people but uh i think we're getting there
00:15:54
and and the switch or work then we really want to to buy those red you mix uh features
00:15:59
for for being using pick a routine so so this needs a lot of patience like
00:16:03
it's you have hundred features we would like to have thousand patients seem like
00:16:07
so thank you very much for for for attention

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